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Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

This text presents a basic introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It covers all the basic information that is needed to have a general understanding of the structure and function of the human body. The writing style and depth of presentation are designed to be appropriate for students commencing a career in the field of allied health.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Boxed Readings (p. x)
• Preface (p. xii)
• Part I Human Organization (p. 1)
• 1 Organization of the Body (p. 1)
• Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
• Organization of Body Parts (p. 2)
• Anatomical Terms (p. 3)
• Relative Positions of Body Parts (p. 3)
• Planes and Sections of the Body (p. 4)
• Regions of the Body (p. 5)
• Cavities of the Body (p. 6)
• Organ Systems (p. 9)
• Integumentary System (p. 9)
• Support and Movement (p. 9)
• Integration and Coordination (p. 9)
• Maintenance of the Body (p. 9)
• Reproduction and Development (p. 12)
• Homeostasis (p. 12)
• Medical Focus: Spare Parts (p. 11)
• 2 Chemistry of Life (p. 16)
• Elements and Atoms (p. 17)
• Isotopes: Atomic Weights Vary (p. 18)
• Molecules and Compounds (p. 18)
• Some Important Inorganic Molecules (p. 20)
• Water (p. 20)
• Electrolytes (p. 21)
• Acids and Bases (p. 21)
• Some Important Organic Molecules (p. 23)
• Carbohydrates (p. 23)
• Lipids (p. 24)
• Proteins (p. 25)
• Nucleic Acids (p. 29)
• ATP (p. 29)
• Medical Focus: Imaging the Body (p. 19)
• Medical Focus: Nutrition Labels (p. 26)
• 3 Cell Structure and Function (p. 33)
• The Plasma Membrane (p. 34)
• The Nucleus (p. 35)
• The Cytoplasm (p. 36)
• Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis (p. 36)
• Endomembrane System (p. 37)
• Mitochondria (p. 38)
• Centrioles and Related Organelles (p. 39)
• Plasma Membrane Transport (p. 39)
• Passive Transport (p. 39)
• Active Transport (p. 41)
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis (p. 42)
• Cell Division (p. 42)
• Mitosis (p. 42)
• Meiosis (p. 44)
• Medical Focus: Hemodialysis (p. 40)
• MedAlert: Cancer (p. 44)
• 4 Body Tissues and Membranes (p. 48)
• Body Tissues (p. 49)
• Epithelial Tissue (p. 49)
• Connective Tissue (p. 51)
• Muscular Tissue (p. 55)
• Nervous Tissue (p. 58)
• Body Membranes (p. 59)
• Mucous Membranes (p. 59)
• Serous Membranes (p. 59)
• Synovial Membranes (p. 60)
• Meninges (p. 60)
• Cutaneous Membrane (p. 60)
• Medical Focus: Classification of Cancers (p. 57)
• 5 The Integumentary System (p. 62)
• Structure of the Skin (p. 63)
• Epidermis (p. 63)
• Dermis (p. 64)
• Subcutaneous Layer (p. 64)
• Accessory Structures of the Skin (p. 65)
• Hair and Nails (p. 65)
• Glands (p. 66)
• Functions of the Skin (p. 67)
• Protection (p. 67)
• Synthesis of Vitamin D (p. 67)
• Sensory Reception and Communication (p. 67)
• Regulation of Body Temperature (p. 68)
• Disorders of the Skin (p. 68)
• Skin Cancer (p. 68)
• Burns (p. 71)
• Wound Healing (p. 72)
• Effects of Aging (p. 73)
• Visual Focus: Temperature Control (p. 69)
• Medical Focus: Link between UV Radiation and Skin Cancer (p. 70)
• Medical Focus: Epidermis from the Laboratory (p. 71)
• Working Together: Integumentary System (p. 74)
• Part II Support and Movement (p. 77)
• 6 The Skeletal System (p. 77)
• Skeleton: Overview (p. 78)
• Functions (p. 78)
• Anatomy of a Long Bone (p. 78)
• Growth and Development (p. 80)
• Fractures (p. 81)
• Axial Skeleton (p. 81)
• Skull (p. 81)
• Hyoid Bone (p. 84)
• Vertebral Column (Spine) (p. 87)
• Thoracic Cage (p. 89)
• Appendicular Skeleton (p. 90)
• Pectoral Girdle (p. 90)
• Upper Limb (Arm) (p. 91)
• Pelvic Girdle (p. 94)
• Lower Limb (Leg) (p. 97)
• Joints (Articulations) (p. 99)
• Classification (p. 99)
• Movements Permitted by Synovial Joints (p. 103)
• Effects of Aging (p. 104)
• Medical Focus: Knee Injuries (p. 100)
• MedAlert: Arthritic Joints (p. 102)
• Working Together: Skeletal System (p. 105)
• 7 The Muscular System (p. 109)
• Types and Functions of Muscles (p. 110)
• Types of Muscles (p. 110)
• Functions of Muscles (p. 110)
• Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction (p. 110)
• Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle (p. 111)
• Physiology of Muscle Contraction (p. 113)
• Chemistry of Muscle Contraction (p. 113)
• Aspects of Muscle Contraction (p. 114)
• Skeletal Muscles of the Body (p. 117)
• Naming Muscles (p. 117)
• Muscles of the Head (p. 120)
• Muscles of the Neck and Trunk (p. 121)
• Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Limb (Arm) (p. 123)
• Muscles of the Thigh and Lower Limb (Leg) (p. 126)
• Effects of Aging (p. 129)
• Visual Focus: Contraction of a Muscle (p. 112)
• Medical Focus: Muscular Dystrophy (p. 115)
• MedAlert: Benefits of Exercise (p. 116)
• Working Together: Muscular System (p. 131)
• Part III Integration and Coordination (p. 135)
• 8 The Nervous System (p. 135)
• Nervous System (p. 136)
• Divisions of the Nervous System (p. 136)
• Functions of the Nervous System (p. 137)
• Cells of Nervous Tissue (p. 137)
• Nerve Impulses (p. 140)
• The Synapse (p. 140)
• Nerves (p. 142)
• Reflexes and the Reflex Arc (p. 142)
• Central Nervous System (p. 144)
• Brain (p. 144)
• Spinal Cord (p. 150)
• Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid (p. 150)
• Peripheral Nervous System (p. 152)
• Somatic Nervous System (p. 152)
• Autonomic Nervous System (p. 155)
• Effects of Aging (p. 158)
• Medical Focus: The Left and Right Brain (p. 146)
• Medical Focus: EEG (p. 149)
• Medical Focus: Spinal Cord Injuries (p. 150)
• Working Together: Nervous System (p. 159)
• MedAlert: Alzheimer Disease (p. 160)
• 9 The Sensory System (p. 165)
• General Receptors (p. 166)
• Skin (p. 166)
• Visceral Organs (p. 167)
• Muscles and Joints (p. 167)
• Chemoreceptors (p. 168)
• Photoreceptors (p. 169)
• Accessory Organs of the Eye (p. 170)
• Structure of the Eye (p. 172)
• Mechanoreceptors (p. 179)
• External Ear (p. 180)
• Middle Ear (p. 180)
• Inner Ear (p. 180)
• Hearing (p. 180)
• Balance (Equilibrium) (p. 183)
• Effects of Aging (p. 183)
• Medical Focus: Myasthenia Gravis (p. 171)
• MedAlert: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (p. 174)
• Medical Focus: Corrective Lenses (p. 178)
• Medical Focus: Hearing Damage and Deafness (p. 182)
• 10 The Endocrine System (p. 186)
• Endocrine System (p. 187)
• Hormone Action (p. 187)
• Endocrine Glands (p. 187)
• Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland (p. 190)
• Posterior Pituitary (p. 190)
• Anterior Pituitary (p. 191)
• Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands (p. 193)
• Thyroid Gland (p. 193)
• Parathyroid Glands (p. 194)
• Adrenal Glands (p. 194)
• Adrenal Medulla (p. 195)
• Adrenal Cortex (p. 195)
• Pancreas (p. 197)
• Diabetes Mellitus (p. 197)
• Testes and Ovaries (p. 199)
• Testosterone (p. 199)
• Estrogen and Progesterone (p. 199)
• Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones (p. 199)
• Hormones Not Associated with Glands (p. 202)
• Effects of Aging (p. 202)
• Visual Focus: Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary (p. 191)
• Medical Focus: Glucocorticoid Therapy (p. 195)
• MedAlert: Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids (p. 200)
• Working Together: Endocrine System (p. 203)
• Part IV Maintenance of the Body (p. 207)
• 11 Blood (p. 207)
• Composition of Blood (p. 208)
• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (p. 208)
• White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) (p. 208)
• Types of White Blood Cells (p. 209)
• Platelets (Thrombocytes) (p. 212)
• Hematopoiesis (p. 212)
• Plasma (p. 212)
• Functions of Blood (p. 214)
• Transport (p. 214)
• Blood Clotting (p. 215)
• Blood Groups and Typing (p. 217)
• ABO System (p. 217)
• Rh System (p. 217)
• Blood Typing (p. 218)
• Effects of Aging (p. 219)
• Medical Focus: Abnormal Red and White Blood Cell Counts (p. 210)
• Medical Focus: Who Should Not Give Blood (p. 218)
• 12 The Circulatory System (p. 222)
• Anatomy of the Heart (p. 223)
• Pericardial Membranes (p. 223)
• Chambers of the Heart (p. 223)
• Path of Blood in the Heart (p. 227)
• Double Pump (p. 227)
• Heartbeat (p. 227)
• Cardiac Disorders (p. 232)
• Vascular System (p. 234)
• Blood Vessels (p. 234)
• Path of Circulation (p. 236)
• Features of the Circulatory System (p. 244)
• Pulse (p. 244)
• Blood Pressure (p. 244)
• Effects of Aging (p. 246)
• Medical Focus: Congestive Heart Failure (p. 227)
• Medical Focus: The Electrocardiogram (p. 230)
• MedAlert: Preventing Heart Attacks (p. 232)
• Working Together: Circulatory System (p. 247)
• 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity (p. 251)
• Lymphatic System (p. 252)
• Lymphatic Vessels (p. 252)
• Lymphoid Organs (p. 253)
• Immunity (p. 256)
• Nonspecific Defenses (p. 256)
• Specific Defenses (p. 258)
• Immunotherapy (p. 262)
• Active Immunity (p. 262)
• Passive Immunity (p. 262)
• Lymphokines (p. 264)
• Immunological Side Effects and Illnesses (p. 266)
• Allergies (p. 266)
• Tissue Rejection (p. 266)
• Autoimmune Diseases (p. 267)
• Immune Deficiency (p. 267)
• Effects of Aging (p. 267)
• Medical Focus: Lymph Nodes and Illnesses (p. 254)
• Medical Focus: Bone Marrow Biopsy and Transplant (p. 255)
• Visual Focus: The Inflammatory Reaction (p. 257)
• Medical Focus: Immunization: The Great Protector (p. 263)
• MedAlert: AIDS Epidemic (p. 264)
• Working Together: Lymphatic System (p. 268)
• 14 The Respiratory System (p. 271)
• Respiratory Organs (p. 272)
• Nose (p. 273)
• Pharynx (p. 273)
• Larynx (p. 274)
• Trachea (p. 275)
• Bronchi and Bronchioles (p. 275)
• Lungs (p. 276)
• Mechanisms of Breathing (p. 277)
• Inspiration (p. 277)
• Expiration (p. 279)
• Lung Capacities (p. 280)
• Respiration Mechanisms and Transport of Gases (p. 281)
• Partial Pressures of Gases (p. 281)
• Transport of Gases (p. 282)
• Respiratory Infections and Lung Disorders (p. 284)
• Respiratory Infections (p. 284)
• Lung Disorders (p. 285)
• Effects of Aging (p. 287)
• Medical Focus: Modified Breathing Rates (p. 277)
• Visual Focus: Inspiration Versus Expiration (p. 279)
• Medical Focus: Heimlich Maneuver (p. 281)
• MedAlert: The Most Often Asked Questions about Smoking, Tobacco, and Health, and ... the Answers (p. 288)
• Working Together: Respiratory System (p. 290)
• 15 The Digestive System (p. 294)
• Digestive System (p. 295)
• Mouth (p. 296)
• Pharynx (p. 298)
• Esophagus (p. 299)
• Stomach (p. 299)
• Small Intestine (p. 301)
• Large Intestine (p. 303)
• Accessory Organs (p. 306)
• Pancreas (p. 306)
• Liver (p. 306)
• Gallbladder (p. 308)
• Chemical Digestion (p. 309)
• Nutrition (p. 309)
• Vitamins (p. 310)
• Minerals (p. 311)
• Effects of Aging (p. 314)
• Medical Focus: Human Teeth (p. 297)
• MedAlert: Constipation (p. 304)
• Medical Focus: Viral Hepatitis (p. 308)
• Medical Focus: Antioxidants (p. 311)
• Working Together: Digestive System (p. 315)
• 16 The Urinary System (p. 319)
• Urinary System (p. 320)
• Functions of the Urinary System (p. 320)
• Urinary Organs (p. 320)
• Urination (p. 322)
• Urine Formation (p. 323)
• Steps in Urine Formation (p. 323)
• Concentrated Urine (p. 325)
• Special Features of the Nephron (p. 327)
• Regulatory Functions of the Kidney (p. 327)
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (p. 327)
• Acid-Base Balance (p. 329)
• Effects of Aging (p. 331)
• Visual Focus: Steps in Urine Formation (p. 324)
• Medical Focus: Illnesses Detected by Urinalysis (p. 325)
• MedAlert: Prostate Enlargement (p. 330)
• Working Together: Urinary System (p. 332)
• Part V Reproduction and Development (p. 335)
• 17 The Reproductive System (p. 335)
• Male Reproductive System (p. 336)
• Testes (p. 336)
• Genital Tract (p. 336)
• External Genitals (p. 339)
• Orgasm in Males (p. 339)
• Regulation of Male Hormone Levels (p. 340)
• Female Reproductive System (p. 341)
• Ovaries (p. 341)
• Genital Tract (p. 343)
• External Genitals (p. 345)
• Orgasm in Females (p. 345)
• Regulation of Female Hormone Levels (p. 345)
• Control of Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (p. 349)
• Infertility (p. 349)
• Birth Control (p. 351)
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (p. 353)
• Effects of Aging (p. 355)
• Visual Focus: Anatomy of Ovary and Follicle (p. 342)
• Medical Focus: Ovarian Cancer (p. 344)
• Visual Focus: Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion by Negative Feedback (p. 346)
• MedAlert: Endometriosis (p. 350)
• Medical Focus: Alternative Methods of Reproduction (p. 351)
• Working Together: Reproductive System (p. 356)
• 18 Human Development and Birth (p. 360)
• Fertilization (p. 361)
• Development (p. 364)
• Extraembryonic Membranes (p. 364)
• Placenta (p. 364)
• Pre-Embryonic and Embryonic Development (p. 365)
• Fetal Development (p. 368)
• Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother (p. 370)
• Birth (p. 371)
• Stages of Birth (p. 371)
• Female Breast and Lactation (p. 373)
• MedAlert: Detecting Birth Defects (p. 362)
• Medical Focus: Teratogens (p. 367)
• Medical Focus: Premature Babies (p. 372)
• 19 Human Genetics (p. 377)
• Inheritance of Autosomes (p. 379)
• Down Syndrome (p. 379)
• Other Autosomal Abnormalities (p. 381)
• Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes (p. 381)
• Gene Inheritance (p. 383)
• Genetic Disorders (p. 384)
• Biochemical Genetics (p. 385)
• Biotechnology (p. 387)
• Gene Therapy (p. 388)
• Visual Focus: Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Humans (p. 388)
• Appendix A Reference Figures: The Human Organism (p. 391)
• Appendix B Understanding Medical Terminology (p. 398)
• Appendix C Answers to Objective Questions (p. 406)
• Appendix D Further Readings (p. 411)
• Glossary (p. 413)
• Credits (p. 430)
• Index (p. 433)