Understanding human anatomy & physiology / Sylvia S. Mader, Patrick L. Galliart
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Duveholms bibliotek Facklitteratur | Duveholms bibliotek Facklitteratur | Biblioteket | Vb | Available | 80019046999 |
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Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:
This text presents a basic introduction to human anatomy and physiology. It covers all the basic information that is needed to have a general understanding of the structure and function of the human body. The writing style and depth of presentation are designed to be appropriate for students commencing a career in the field of allied health.
Table of contents provided by Syndetics
- Boxed Readings (p. x)
- Preface (p. xii)
- Part I Human Organization (p. 1)
- 1 Organization of the Body (p. 1)
- Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
- Organization of Body Parts (p. 2)
- Anatomical Terms (p. 3)
- Relative Positions of Body Parts (p. 3)
- Planes and Sections of the Body (p. 4)
- Regions of the Body (p. 5)
- Cavities of the Body (p. 6)
- Organ Systems (p. 9)
- Integumentary System (p. 9)
- Support and Movement (p. 9)
- Integration and Coordination (p. 9)
- Maintenance of the Body (p. 9)
- Reproduction and Development (p. 12)
- Homeostasis (p. 12)
- Medical Focus: Spare Parts (p. 11)
- 2 Chemistry of Life (p. 16)
- Elements and Atoms (p. 17)
- Isotopes: Atomic Weights Vary (p. 18)
- Molecules and Compounds (p. 18)
- Some Important Inorganic Molecules (p. 20)
- Water (p. 20)
- Electrolytes (p. 21)
- Acids and Bases (p. 21)
- Some Important Organic Molecules (p. 23)
- Carbohydrates (p. 23)
- Lipids (p. 24)
- Proteins (p. 25)
- Nucleic Acids (p. 29)
- ATP (p. 29)
- Medical Focus: Imaging the Body (p. 19)
- Medical Focus: Nutrition Labels (p. 26)
- 3 Cell Structure and Function (p. 33)
- The Plasma Membrane (p. 34)
- The Nucleus (p. 35)
- The Cytoplasm (p. 36)
- Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis (p. 36)
- Endomembrane System (p. 37)
- Mitochondria (p. 38)
- Centrioles and Related Organelles (p. 39)
- Plasma Membrane Transport (p. 39)
- Passive Transport (p. 39)
- Active Transport (p. 41)
- Endocytosis and Exocytosis (p. 42)
- Cell Division (p. 42)
- Mitosis (p. 42)
- Meiosis (p. 44)
- Medical Focus: Hemodialysis (p. 40)
- MedAlert: Cancer (p. 44)
- 4 Body Tissues and Membranes (p. 48)
- Body Tissues (p. 49)
- Epithelial Tissue (p. 49)
- Connective Tissue (p. 51)
- Muscular Tissue (p. 55)
- Nervous Tissue (p. 58)
- Body Membranes (p. 59)
- Mucous Membranes (p. 59)
- Serous Membranes (p. 59)
- Synovial Membranes (p. 60)
- Meninges (p. 60)
- Cutaneous Membrane (p. 60)
- Medical Focus: Classification of Cancers (p. 57)
- 5 The Integumentary System (p. 62)
- Structure of the Skin (p. 63)
- Epidermis (p. 63)
- Dermis (p. 64)
- Subcutaneous Layer (p. 64)
- Accessory Structures of the Skin (p. 65)
- Hair and Nails (p. 65)
- Glands (p. 66)
- Functions of the Skin (p. 67)
- Protection (p. 67)
- Synthesis of Vitamin D (p. 67)
- Sensory Reception and Communication (p. 67)
- Regulation of Body Temperature (p. 68)
- Disorders of the Skin (p. 68)
- Skin Cancer (p. 68)
- Burns (p. 71)
- Wound Healing (p. 72)
- Effects of Aging (p. 73)
- Visual Focus: Temperature Control (p. 69)
- Medical Focus: Link between UV Radiation and Skin Cancer (p. 70)
- Medical Focus: Epidermis from the Laboratory (p. 71)
- Working Together: Integumentary System (p. 74)
- Part II Support and Movement (p. 77)
- 6 The Skeletal System (p. 77)
- Skeleton: Overview (p. 78)
- Functions (p. 78)
- Anatomy of a Long Bone (p. 78)
- Growth and Development (p. 80)
- Fractures (p. 81)
- Axial Skeleton (p. 81)
- Skull (p. 81)
- Hyoid Bone (p. 84)
- Vertebral Column (Spine) (p. 87)
- Thoracic Cage (p. 89)
- Appendicular Skeleton (p. 90)
- Pectoral Girdle (p. 90)
- Upper Limb (Arm) (p. 91)
- Pelvic Girdle (p. 94)
- Lower Limb (Leg) (p. 97)
- Joints (Articulations) (p. 99)
- Classification (p. 99)
- Movements Permitted by Synovial Joints (p. 103)
- Effects of Aging (p. 104)
- Medical Focus: Knee Injuries (p. 100)
- MedAlert: Arthritic Joints (p. 102)
- Working Together: Skeletal System (p. 105)
- 7 The Muscular System (p. 109)
- Types and Functions of Muscles (p. 110)
- Types of Muscles (p. 110)
- Functions of Muscles (p. 110)
- Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction (p. 110)
- Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle (p. 111)
- Physiology of Muscle Contraction (p. 113)
- Chemistry of Muscle Contraction (p. 113)
- Aspects of Muscle Contraction (p. 114)
- Skeletal Muscles of the Body (p. 117)
- Naming Muscles (p. 117)
- Muscles of the Head (p. 120)
- Muscles of the Neck and Trunk (p. 121)
- Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Limb (Arm) (p. 123)
- Muscles of the Thigh and Lower Limb (Leg) (p. 126)
- Effects of Aging (p. 129)
- Visual Focus: Contraction of a Muscle (p. 112)
- Medical Focus: Muscular Dystrophy (p. 115)
- MedAlert: Benefits of Exercise (p. 116)
- Working Together: Muscular System (p. 131)
- Part III Integration and Coordination (p. 135)
- 8 The Nervous System (p. 135)
- Nervous System (p. 136)
- Divisions of the Nervous System (p. 136)
- Functions of the Nervous System (p. 137)
- Cells of Nervous Tissue (p. 137)
- Nerve Impulses (p. 140)
- The Synapse (p. 140)
- Nerves (p. 142)
- Reflexes and the Reflex Arc (p. 142)
- Central Nervous System (p. 144)
- Brain (p. 144)
- Spinal Cord (p. 150)
- Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid (p. 150)
- Peripheral Nervous System (p. 152)
- Somatic Nervous System (p. 152)
- Autonomic Nervous System (p. 155)
- Effects of Aging (p. 158)
- Medical Focus: The Left and Right Brain (p. 146)
- Medical Focus: EEG (p. 149)
- Medical Focus: Spinal Cord Injuries (p. 150)
- Working Together: Nervous System (p. 159)
- MedAlert: Alzheimer Disease (p. 160)
- 9 The Sensory System (p. 165)
- General Receptors (p. 166)
- Skin (p. 166)
- Visceral Organs (p. 167)
- Muscles and Joints (p. 167)
- Chemoreceptors (p. 168)
- Photoreceptors (p. 169)
- Accessory Organs of the Eye (p. 170)
- Structure of the Eye (p. 172)
- Mechanoreceptors (p. 179)
- External Ear (p. 180)
- Middle Ear (p. 180)
- Inner Ear (p. 180)
- Hearing (p. 180)
- Balance (Equilibrium) (p. 183)
- Effects of Aging (p. 183)
- Medical Focus: Myasthenia Gravis (p. 171)
- MedAlert: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (p. 174)
- Medical Focus: Corrective Lenses (p. 178)
- Medical Focus: Hearing Damage and Deafness (p. 182)
- 10 The Endocrine System (p. 186)
- Endocrine System (p. 187)
- Hormone Action (p. 187)
- Endocrine Glands (p. 187)
- Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland (p. 190)
- Posterior Pituitary (p. 190)
- Anterior Pituitary (p. 191)
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands (p. 193)
- Thyroid Gland (p. 193)
- Parathyroid Glands (p. 194)
- Adrenal Glands (p. 194)
- Adrenal Medulla (p. 195)
- Adrenal Cortex (p. 195)
- Pancreas (p. 197)
- Diabetes Mellitus (p. 197)
- Testes and Ovaries (p. 199)
- Testosterone (p. 199)
- Estrogen and Progesterone (p. 199)
- Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones (p. 199)
- Hormones Not Associated with Glands (p. 202)
- Effects of Aging (p. 202)
- Visual Focus: Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary (p. 191)
- Medical Focus: Glucocorticoid Therapy (p. 195)
- MedAlert: Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids (p. 200)
- Working Together: Endocrine System (p. 203)
- Part IV Maintenance of the Body (p. 207)
- 11 Blood (p. 207)
- Composition of Blood (p. 208)
- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (p. 208)
- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) (p. 208)
- Types of White Blood Cells (p. 209)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes) (p. 212)
- Hematopoiesis (p. 212)
- Plasma (p. 212)
- Functions of Blood (p. 214)
- Transport (p. 214)
- Blood Clotting (p. 215)
- Blood Groups and Typing (p. 217)
- ABO System (p. 217)
- Rh System (p. 217)
- Blood Typing (p. 218)
- Effects of Aging (p. 219)
- Medical Focus: Abnormal Red and White Blood Cell Counts (p. 210)
- Medical Focus: Who Should Not Give Blood (p. 218)
- 12 The Circulatory System (p. 222)
- Anatomy of the Heart (p. 223)
- Pericardial Membranes (p. 223)
- Chambers of the Heart (p. 223)
- Path of Blood in the Heart (p. 227)
- Double Pump (p. 227)
- Heartbeat (p. 227)
- Cardiac Disorders (p. 232)
- Vascular System (p. 234)
- Blood Vessels (p. 234)
- Path of Circulation (p. 236)
- Features of the Circulatory System (p. 244)
- Pulse (p. 244)
- Blood Pressure (p. 244)
- Effects of Aging (p. 246)
- Medical Focus: Congestive Heart Failure (p. 227)
- Medical Focus: The Electrocardiogram (p. 230)
- MedAlert: Preventing Heart Attacks (p. 232)
- Working Together: Circulatory System (p. 247)
- 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity (p. 251)
- Lymphatic System (p. 252)
- Lymphatic Vessels (p. 252)
- Lymphoid Organs (p. 253)
- Immunity (p. 256)
- Nonspecific Defenses (p. 256)
- Specific Defenses (p. 258)
- Immunotherapy (p. 262)
- Active Immunity (p. 262)
- Passive Immunity (p. 262)
- Lymphokines (p. 264)
- Immunological Side Effects and Illnesses (p. 266)
- Allergies (p. 266)
- Tissue Rejection (p. 266)
- Autoimmune Diseases (p. 267)
- Immune Deficiency (p. 267)
- Effects of Aging (p. 267)
- Medical Focus: Lymph Nodes and Illnesses (p. 254)
- Medical Focus: Bone Marrow Biopsy and Transplant (p. 255)
- Visual Focus: The Inflammatory Reaction (p. 257)
- Medical Focus: Immunization: The Great Protector (p. 263)
- MedAlert: AIDS Epidemic (p. 264)
- Working Together: Lymphatic System (p. 268)
- 14 The Respiratory System (p. 271)
- Respiratory Organs (p. 272)
- Nose (p. 273)
- Pharynx (p. 273)
- Larynx (p. 274)
- Trachea (p. 275)
- Bronchi and Bronchioles (p. 275)
- Lungs (p. 276)
- Mechanisms of Breathing (p. 277)
- Inspiration (p. 277)
- Expiration (p. 279)
- Lung Capacities (p. 280)
- Respiration Mechanisms and Transport of Gases (p. 281)
- Partial Pressures of Gases (p. 281)
- Transport of Gases (p. 282)
- Respiratory Infections and Lung Disorders (p. 284)
- Respiratory Infections (p. 284)
- Lung Disorders (p. 285)
- Effects of Aging (p. 287)
- Medical Focus: Modified Breathing Rates (p. 277)
- Visual Focus: Inspiration Versus Expiration (p. 279)
- Medical Focus: Heimlich Maneuver (p. 281)
- MedAlert: The Most Often Asked Questions about Smoking, Tobacco, and Health, and ... the Answers (p. 288)
- Working Together: Respiratory System (p. 290)
- 15 The Digestive System (p. 294)
- Digestive System (p. 295)
- Mouth (p. 296)
- Pharynx (p. 298)
- Esophagus (p. 299)
- Stomach (p. 299)
- Small Intestine (p. 301)
- Large Intestine (p. 303)
- Accessory Organs (p. 306)
- Pancreas (p. 306)
- Liver (p. 306)
- Gallbladder (p. 308)
- Chemical Digestion (p. 309)
- Nutrition (p. 309)
- Vitamins (p. 310)
- Minerals (p. 311)
- Effects of Aging (p. 314)
- Medical Focus: Human Teeth (p. 297)
- MedAlert: Constipation (p. 304)
- Medical Focus: Viral Hepatitis (p. 308)
- Medical Focus: Antioxidants (p. 311)
- Working Together: Digestive System (p. 315)
- 16 The Urinary System (p. 319)
- Urinary System (p. 320)
- Functions of the Urinary System (p. 320)
- Urinary Organs (p. 320)
- Urination (p. 322)
- Urine Formation (p. 323)
- Steps in Urine Formation (p. 323)
- Concentrated Urine (p. 325)
- Special Features of the Nephron (p. 327)
- Regulatory Functions of the Kidney (p. 327)
- Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (p. 327)
- Acid-Base Balance (p. 329)
- Effects of Aging (p. 331)
- Visual Focus: Steps in Urine Formation (p. 324)
- Medical Focus: Illnesses Detected by Urinalysis (p. 325)
- MedAlert: Prostate Enlargement (p. 330)
- Working Together: Urinary System (p. 332)
- Part V Reproduction and Development (p. 335)
- 17 The Reproductive System (p. 335)
- Male Reproductive System (p. 336)
- Testes (p. 336)
- Genital Tract (p. 336)
- External Genitals (p. 339)
- Orgasm in Males (p. 339)
- Regulation of Male Hormone Levels (p. 340)
- Female Reproductive System (p. 341)
- Ovaries (p. 341)
- Genital Tract (p. 343)
- External Genitals (p. 345)
- Orgasm in Females (p. 345)
- Regulation of Female Hormone Levels (p. 345)
- Control of Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (p. 349)
- Infertility (p. 349)
- Birth Control (p. 351)
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (p. 353)
- Effects of Aging (p. 355)
- Visual Focus: Anatomy of Ovary and Follicle (p. 342)
- Medical Focus: Ovarian Cancer (p. 344)
- Visual Focus: Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion by Negative Feedback (p. 346)
- MedAlert: Endometriosis (p. 350)
- Medical Focus: Alternative Methods of Reproduction (p. 351)
- Working Together: Reproductive System (p. 356)
- 18 Human Development and Birth (p. 360)
- Fertilization (p. 361)
- Development (p. 364)
- Extraembryonic Membranes (p. 364)
- Placenta (p. 364)
- Pre-Embryonic and Embryonic Development (p. 365)
- Fetal Development (p. 368)
- Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother (p. 370)
- Birth (p. 371)
- Stages of Birth (p. 371)
- Female Breast and Lactation (p. 373)
- MedAlert: Detecting Birth Defects (p. 362)
- Medical Focus: Teratogens (p. 367)
- Medical Focus: Premature Babies (p. 372)
- 19 Human Genetics (p. 377)
- Inheritance of Autosomes (p. 379)
- Down Syndrome (p. 379)
- Other Autosomal Abnormalities (p. 381)
- Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes (p. 381)
- Gene Inheritance (p. 383)
- Genetic Disorders (p. 384)
- Biochemical Genetics (p. 385)
- Biotechnology (p. 387)
- Gene Therapy (p. 388)
- Visual Focus: Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Humans (p. 388)
- Appendix A Reference Figures: The Human Organism (p. 391)
- Appendix B Understanding Medical Terminology (p. 398)
- Appendix C Answers to Objective Questions (p. 406)
- Appendix D Further Readings (p. 411)
- Glossary (p. 413)
- Credits (p. 430)
- Index (p. 433)